Science (Living Organisms Characteristics) (Part 1, Part 2 & Part 3) Covers the Following Topics

1. Habitats

• Definition of Habitat
• Types of Habitats
  • Terrestrial Habitats
    • Forests
    • Grasslands
    • Deserts
    • Mountains
  • Aquatic Habitats
    • Oceans
    • Ponds
    • Rivers
    • Lakes
• Factors Affecting Habitats
  • Abiotic Components (e.g., water, light, temperature)
  • Biotic Components (e.g., plants, animals)
• Examples of Habitats and Their Inhabitants

2. Adaptation

• Definition of Adaptation
• Adaptations Based on Habitat
  • Terrestrial Adaptations
    • Desert Plants (e.g., spines, waxy stems, deep roots)
    • Desert Animals (e.g., camels, burrowing animals)
    • Grassland Animals (e.g., lions, deer, camouflage, strong legs)
    • Mountain Animals (e.g., snow leopards, mountain goats, thick fur)
  • Aquatic Adaptations
    • Aquatic Plants (e.g., floating leaves, hollow stems)
    • Aquatic Animals (e.g., streamlined bodies, gills)
  • Polar Adaptations
    • Polar Animals (e.g., polar bears, thick fur, blubber)
• Structural and Functional Adaptations
• Behavioral Adaptations
  • Nocturnal Behavior in Desert Animals
  • Burrowing Habits

3. Characteristics of Living Organisms

• Growth and Development
• Reproduction
• Movement
  • Locomotion in Animals
  • Movement in Plants (e.g., phototropism)
• Respiration
  • Aerobic and Anaerobic
• Excretion
• Response to Stimuli
• Nutrient Intake and Energy Use

4. Abiotic and Biotic Components

• Definition and Examples
• Role in Ecosystems
• Interaction Between Abiotic and Biotic Components
  • Oxygen in Water for Aquatic Life
  • Light Availability for Photosynthesis
  • Soil Nutrients for Plant Growth
• Impact of Abiotic Factors on Habitats
  • Temperature
  • Rainfall
  • Salinity

5. Photosynthesis

• Definition and Process
• Role of Chlorophyll
• Importance of Light, Water, and Carbon Dioxide
• Oxygen as a Byproduct

6. Acclimatisation and Evolution

• Definition of Acclimatisation
• Short-Term Physiological Changes
• Difference Between Acclimatisation and Adaptation
• Evolution as a Long-Term Process

7. Special Adaptations

• Camouflage (e.g., lions in grasslands)
• Burrowing (e.g., desert snakes, rats)
• Use of Blowholes (e.g., dolphins)
• Webbed Feet (e.g., frogs in aquatic habitats)
• Needle-Like Leaves (e.g., mountain trees)

8. Examples and Activities

• Examples of Adaptations in Plants and Animals
• Observation Activities (e.g., plant growth under different conditions)
• Suggested Experiments (e.g., testing water absorption in plants)

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