Science (Components of Food) (Part 1 & Part 2) Covers the Following Topics

• Introduction to Food and Meals
  • Types of meals across different regions in India
  • Importance of meal variety
  • Question on whether the body requires different types of food for specific purposes
• What Do Different Food Items Contain?
  • Explanation of nutrients in food
  • Major nutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, and Minerals
  • Dietary fibers (roughage) and water as essential components
• Testing for Nutrients
  • Tests for the presence of Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats
    • Test for Starch: Using iodine solution to detect starch by color change to blue-black
    • Test for Protein: Using copper sulfate and caustic soda to detect proteins by color change to violet
    • Test for Fats: Using paper to detect fats by observing oily patches
  • Table for recording observations of nutrient tests on various foods
• What Do Various Nutrients Do for Our Body?
  • Carbohydrates: Energy provision, referred to as “energy-giving foods”
  • Fats: Provide more energy than carbohydrates, storage of energy, sources from plant and animal origins
  • Proteins: Necessary for growth and repair, referred to as “body-building foods”
  • Vitamins: Protect against diseases, support healthy eyes, bones, teeth, and gums
    • Types of vitamins: A, B-complex, C, D, E, K, and their roles
  • Minerals: Required in small amounts, essential for growth and health
    • Key minerals: Calcium, Iron, Phosphorus, Iodine
• Sources of Nutrients
  • Various foods rich in specific nutrients:
    • Carbohydrates: Rice, wheat, maize, etc.
    • Fats: Groundnuts, nuts, fish, etc.
    • Proteins: Soybeans, peas, meat, etc.
    • Vitamins: Fruits, vegetables, dairy, etc.
    • Minerals: Green leafy vegetables, liver, eggs, etc.
• Balanced Diet
  • Definition and importance of a balanced diet containing all nutrients, roughage, and water
  • The role of a balanced diet in different age groups and physical activity levels
  • Impact of food preparation on nutrient retention (e.g., washing and cooking practices)
  • Examples of balanced meals with local, affordable foods
• Deficiency Diseases
  • Impact of prolonged nutrient deficiencies on health
  • Common deficiency diseases and symptoms:
    • Vitamin A Deficiency: Night blindness
    • Vitamin B1 Deficiency: Beri-beri
    • Vitamin C Deficiency: Scurvy
    • Vitamin D Deficiency: Rickets
    • Calcium Deficiency: Weak bones and teeth
    • Iodine Deficiency: Goiter
    • Iron Deficiency: Anemia

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