This Exam Covers the Following Topics

1. Overview of the National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (NCRWC)
   • Establishment, purpose, and objectives of the NCRWC.
   • Composition of the Commission and key members.
2. Terms of Reference for the Commission
   • The scope of the Commission’s work, including examining the Constitution’s provisions to enhance governance and socio-economic development.
   • Guidelines to recommend changes without altering the Constitution’s basic structure.
3. Areas of Study Identified by the Commission
   • Strengthening parliamentary democracy and its institutions (Legislature, Executive, Judiciary).
   • Electoral reforms and political standards.
   • Pace of socio-economic change and development.
   • Union-State relations and decentralization of power.
   • Fundamental Rights and their expansion.
   • Fundamental Duties and their operationalization.
   • Directive Principles of State Policy and their implementation.
4. Areas of Concern Highlighted by the Commission
   • Challenges to constitutional faith and governance issues.
   • Criminalization of politics, political corruption, and the politician-criminal-bureaucrat nexus.
   • Economic concerns, fiscal deficits, and the emergence of parallel economies.
   • National integrity, security, and mechanisms for managing social unrest and emergencies.
5. Recommendations Made by the Commission
   • Fundamental Rights: Introduction of new rights such as the Right to Privacy, Right to Compensation, Right to Safe Drinking Water, etc.
   • Directive Principles of State Policy: Revisions to enhance social welfare and control of population.
   • Fundamental Duties: Adding new duties like the duty to vote, promote family values, and protect the environment.
   • Parliament and State Legislatures: Reforms for better functioning, including defining privileges and improving legislative processes.
   • Judiciary Reforms: Recommendations on the appointment, independence, and accountability of judges; establishment of a National Judicial Commission.
   • Executive and Administration Reforms: Measures to ensure good governance, including reforms in the appointment of Prime Ministers and Governors.
6. Electoral Reforms
   • Regulation of political parties, state funding of elections, eligibility criteria for candidates, and measures to curb criminalization of politics.
   • Introduction of measures like the ‘constructive vote of no confidence’ and increasing accountability.
7. Union-State Relations and Inter-State Coordination
   • Reforms in Center-State relations, including changes to Article 356 and Governor appointments.
   • Recommendations for resolving river water disputes and maintaining a balance of power between the Union and the States.
8. Decentralization and Local Governance
   • Empowerment of Panchayati Raj Institutions and Municipalities.
   • Financial autonomy and accountability measures for local bodies.
   • Enhancing the role of State Election Commissions and improving local governance structures.
9. Socio-Economic Development and Social Justice
   • Addressing inequalities concerning Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and Other Backward Classes (OBCs).
   • Educational reforms, healthcare improvements, employment opportunities, and protection of marginalized communities.
   • Establishment of mechanisms for ensuring the proper use of resources earmarked for weaker sections.
10. Environmental Justice and Sustainable Development
    • Recommendations for integrating environmental protection into the Directive Principles.
    • Creation of new rights and duties focused on environmental conservation and sustainable development.
11. Issues Related to North-East India
    • Governance and autonomy in North-Eastern states.
    • Recommendations for enhancing local governance structures, political representation, and integration of tribal areas under the Sixth Schedule.
12. Political Party Regulation and Anti-Defection Law
    • Reforms for regulating political parties, ensuring transparency and accountability.
    • Strengthening anti-defection laws to maintain political integrity and stability.
13. Accountability and Transparency in Governance
    • Proposals for whistleblower protection, right to information, and promoting transparency in public services.
    • Establishment of mechanisms like ombudsman for parliamentary and state assemblies.
14. Judicial Accountability and Reforms
    • Establishment of Judicial Councils to enhance accountability.
    • Judicial reforms to expedite case resolution and improve the efficiency of the judiciary.
15. Reorganization of States
    • Recommendations for reorganizing states based on cultural, linguistic, and geographical factors.
    • Emphasis on creating a balanced and equitable structure for state administration.
16. Fiscal Policy Reforms
    • Reforms aimed at managing fiscal deficits, public debt, and improving financial accountability.
    • Recommendations for economic policies that ensure sustainable growth and development.

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