History (Mughal from 16th to 17th Century) (Part 1, Part 2, part 3 & Part 4) Covers the Following Topics

1. The Mughal Lineage and Legacy
   • Mughal descent from Genghis Khan and Timur
   • Mughal pride in Timurid ancestry
   • Mughal genealogy and their view of the Mongol legacy
2. Mughal Military Campaigns
   • Babur’s Early Years and Campaigns
     • His inheritance of Ferghana at age 12
     • Loss of his ancestral throne due to Uzbeg invasions
     • Seizure of Kabul in 1504
     • The First Battle of Panipat and the capture of Delhi and Agra (1526)
   • Subsequent Military Conquests
     • Mughal expansion during Akbar and Aurangzeb’s reigns
     • Map of Akbar and Aurangzeb’s military campaigns
3. Mughal Traditions of Succession
   • Use of Coparcenary Inheritance versus Primogeniture
   • The division of inheritance among sons
4. Mughal Relations with Other Rulers
   • Campaigns against rulers who refused to accept Mughal authority
   • Rajput alliances and marriages
     • Marriages between Mughals and Rajputs (e.g., Jahangir’s and Shah Jahan’s Rajput mothers)
     • Rajput resistance and cooperation
   • The careful balance of power and concessions to defeated rulers
5. Mughal Marriages with Rajputs
   • Examples of royal marriages with Rajput families
   • The political significance of these alliances
6. Mansabdars and Jagirdars
   • The Mansabdari System: ranking of military officials
   • Zat and Sawar rankings determining rank and salary
   • Military responsibilities and cavalry requirements of mansabdars
   • The role of Jagirdars and the issues with jagirs during Aurangzeb’s reign
   • Economic strain from the rising number of mansabdars and the shortage of jagirs
7. Mughal Revenue System
   • The Zabt System: crop assessments and tax collection
   • Revenue circles and fixed tax rates based on crops
   • The role of Zamindars as intermediaries for tax collection
8. Mughal Administration
   • The Mansabdari System: how it structured the administration
   • The role of mansabdars in maintaining the Mughal military and administration
9. Mughal Architecture
   • Architectural achievements under Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan
     • Fatehpur Sikri, the Red Fort, Jama Masjid, Taj Mahal, and the Peacock Throne
   • The economic strain caused by large architectural projects during Shah Jahan’s reign
10. Mughal Policies
    • Akbar’s Policy of Sulh-i Kul (Universal Peace)
    • Din-i Ilahi: Akbar’s attempt at religious syncretism
    • Aurangzeb’s reversal of Akbar’s tolerant policies and the reimposition of the jizya tax
    • The impact of these policies on the stability of the empire
11. Mughal Decline
    • The consequences of Aurangzeb’s overextension and financial strain
    • Weak successors and the fragmentation of the empire into regional powers
    • The impact of peasant and zamindar revolts on the Mughal authority
12. Nur Jahan’s Influence in Jahangir’s Court
    • Nur Jahan’s political power and influence during Jahangir’s reign
    • Her issuance of farmans (orders) and prominence in the court
13. Akbar Nama and Ain-i Akbari
    • Akbar Nama: Abul Fazl’s historical record of Akbar’s reign
    • Ain-i Akbari: Details of Akbar’s administration, military, revenue, and the cultural aspects of Mughal India

• Economic Prosperity and Inequality in the Mughal Empire
  • Description of wealth and poverty under the Mughal Empire
  • Economic contributions of mansabdars and the impact on artisans and peasants
• Impact on Regional Rulers
  • Expansion of Mughal influence over regional rulers (e.g., Sisodiya Rajputs)
• Debates with Religious Scholars
  • How religious debates helped Akbar formulate ideas on governance

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