History (France Abolishes Monarchy and Becomes a Republic) (Part 1 & Part 2) Covers the Following Topics

1. The Situation in France (Pre-Revolution)
   • Tensions and Secret Negotiations
   • Foreign Intervention Plans
   • Declaration of War on Austria and Prussia (1792)
2. Revolutionary Wars
   • Mobilization of Volunteers
   • The Role of the Marseillaise (National Anthem)
   • Patriotic Songs and Symbols
   • Impact on the Economy and Population
   • Hardships Faced by Women During the Wars
3. Political Clubs
   • Rise of the Jacobin Club
   • Membership of the Jacobins (Artisans, Shopkeepers, etc.)
   • Sans-Culottes and Their Role in the Revolution
   • The Sans-Culottes as Symbols of Revolutionary Ideals
   • Insurrection of August 10, 1792 (Storming of the Tuileries)
4. Establishment of the Republic
   • Abolition of the Monarchy (September 21, 1792)
   • Introduction of Universal Male Suffrage
   • The National Convention
   • Execution of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
   • Formation of a Republic and Its Meaning
5. The Reign of Terror (1793-1794)
   • Robespierre’s Policies of Severe Control and Punishment
   • Guillotine and the Revolutionary Tribunal
   • Impact on Nobles, Clergy, and Political Opponents
   • Economic Control Measures (Wage and Price Ceilings, Rationing)
   • Equality Bread (Pain d’égalité) and Other Social Measures
   • End of the Reign of Terror: Robespierre’s Execution
6. Post-Revolutionary Government: The Directory
   • The Directory Government (1795-1799)
   • New Constitution and Political Changes
   • Power Shift to the Wealthier Middle Classes
   • Political Instability and the Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte
7. Role of Women in the Revolution
   • Women’s Political Clubs
   • Demands for Rights and Participation in Revolutionary Movements
   • Female Artists and the Revolution (e.g., Nanine Vallain’s “Liberty” Painting)
8. Symbols of the Revolution
   • Female Allegory of Liberty
   • Revolutionary Symbols (Red Cap, Fasces, Broken Chain)
   • Political Festivals and Revolutionary Celebrations
9. Ideological Conflicts
   • Debates on Liberty, State Force, and Use of Terror
   • Views of Revolutionary Figures (e.g., Camille Desmoulins, Robespierre)
   • Liberty, Equality, and Terror as Revolutionary Concepts
10. Impact of the Revolution Beyond France

• Influence on Other European Nations
• Revolutionary Movements Inspired by French Ideas
• Wars with Monarchies and the Spread of Revolutionary Ideals

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