This Exam Covers Following Topics

1. Shape of the Earth:
   • True shape of the Earth as an oblate spheroid.
   • Differences between the shape of the Earth and a perfect sphere.
2. Introduction to the Globe:
   • Definition and purpose of a globe.
   • Description of different types of globes (e.g., large, pocket-sized).
3. Latitudes:
   • Definition of latitudes and parallels of latitude.
   • Important parallels: Equator, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Arctic Circle, and Antarctic Circle.
   • Measurement of latitudes in degrees.
   • Differences between Northern and Southern latitudes.
4. Longitudes:
   • Definition of longitudes and meridians.
   • Concept of the Prime Meridian (0° longitude).
   • Measurement of longitudes in degrees, minutes, and seconds.
   • Difference between East and West longitudes.
5. Heat Zones of the Earth:
   • Classification of Earth into Torrid, Temperate, and Frigid zones.
   • Characteristics and climatic conditions of each heat zone.
   • Impact of the angle of the sun’s rays on heat distribution.
6. Longitude and Time:
   • Relationship between longitude and time zones.
   • Calculation of local time based on the longitude.
   • Understanding of the Prime Meridian’s role in determining Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
   • Concept of standard time and the need for standard meridians (e.g., Indian Standard Time, IST).
7. Time Zones and International Date Line:
   • Division of the Earth into 24 time zones.
   • Significance of the 180° meridian (International Date Line).
   • Explanation of time differences between various longitudes.
8. Grid System:
   • The intersection of parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude.
   • Usage of the grid system for locating places on the globe.
9. Standard Time and Local Time Differences:
   • Concept of standard time versus local time.
   • Examples of countries with multiple time zones (e.g., Russia).
   • Time difference between different longitudes.
10. Practical Exercises and Applications:

• Drawing of hemispheres, the equator, and tropics.
• Real-life application of latitude and longitude in determining location and time.

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