Geography (Lifelines of National Economy)
This Exam Covers the Following Topics
- Transport Systems in India
- Roadways (Types: National Highways, State Highways, District Roads, Border Roads)
- Railways (History, Zones, Distribution, Challenges, Konkan Railway)
- Waterways (National Waterways, Inland Waterways, Sea Ports)
- Airways (Importance, Challenges, especially in the northeastern region)
- Pipeline Transportation
- Major pipeline networks (HVJ Pipeline, Assam to Kanpur pipeline)
- Advantages of pipeline transport
- International Trade and Tourism
- Importance of international trade (exports, imports)
- Tourism as a growing sector (heritage, eco, cultural tourism)
- Communication Systems
- Role of communication systems (postal service, telecommunication, Digital India Program)
- Mass communication (radio, television, newspapers)
- Economic Impact of Transportation
- Lifelines of the economy (role of transport and communication in economic growth)
- Environmental and socio-economic impacts of transportation development
- Strategic Roads and Border Roads
- Role of the Border Roads Organization (BRO) in developing roads in strategic and remote areas
- Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways Project
- Importance of the project in linking mega cities (Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai)
- North-South and East-West Corridors
- Ports and Shipping
- Major and minor ports in India (Mumbai, Vishakhapatnam, Kandla, Tuticorin, etc.)
- Role of sea transport in international trade (percentage of trade volume by sea)
- Economic Integration through Transport
- How transportation systems (roadways, railways, airways) integrate different parts of the country
- Transportation’s role in uniting regional economies with the national economy
- Challenges in Transportation
- Issues faced by Indian Railways (theft, chain pulling, damage to property)
- Difficulties in constructing railways and roads in challenging terrains (Himalayas, northeastern states)
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