This Exam Covers the Following Topics

1. Basics of Latitude and Longitude
   • Definition of latitude and longitude
   • Parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude
   • The angular distance of latitudes and longitudes
2. Earth’s Shape and Geographical Grid
   • Oblate spheroid shape of the Earth
   • The geographical grid system
   • The equator as the great circle
   • Drawing parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude
3. Time Calculation Based on Longitude
   • Earth’s rotation and time zones
   • Calculation of local time based on longitude
   • Determining time differences based on degrees of longitude
   • Standard time and its calculation (IST, GMT)
4. Parallels and Meridians
   • Characteristics of parallels and meridians
   • Differences between latitude and longitude
   • Impact of Earth’s rotation on time
5. International Date Line
   • Explanation of the International Date Line
   • Time and date adjustments when crossing the International Date Line
6. Standard Time and Time Zones
   • Concept of standard meridians
   • Time zones and their global significance
   • Multiple time zones in countries with large east-west spans
7. Challenging Scenarios Involving Time and Longitude
   • Impact of changes in Earth’s rotation on time calculations
   • Effect of hypothetical shifts in the Prime Meridian on global time
   • Complex flight and travel scenarios involving multiple time zones

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