This Exam Covers the Following Topics

1. Introduction to Human Resources
   • Definition and significance of human resources
   • Role of people in turning natural resources into useful assets
   • Unequal distribution of human resources globally
2. Population Distribution
   • Pattern of population distribution across the Earth’s surface
   • Geographical and demographic factors affecting distribution
   • Population densities in different regions of the world
3. Factors Affecting Population Distribution
   • Geographical factors: Topography, climate, soil, water, and minerals
   • Social, cultural, and economic factors influencing population density
4. Population Change
   • Causes and trends in population growth over time
   • Birth rates, death rates, and natural growth rate
   • Population explosion in the 19th and 20th centuries
5. Migration
   • Types of migration: Immigration and emigration
   • Impact of migration on population size and composition
   • International and internal migration trends
6. Population Composition
   • Structure of the population based on age, sex, literacy level, occupation, and health
   • The concept of population pyramids and how they reflect population structure
7. Population Pyramids
   • Analysis of age-sex composition of a country
   • Interpretation of different shapes of population pyramids (e.g., broad base, narrow top)
   • Comparison of population pyramids in countries like Kenya, India, and Japan
8. Population Growth Trends
   • Variations in population growth rates across the world
   • Factors contributing to population increase, stability, or decline
9. Challenges of Population Density
   • Impact of population density on resources and infrastructure
   • Economic and social implications of high-density populations in urban areas

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