Geography (Agricultural India)
This Exam Covers the Following Topics
- Types of Farming
- Primitive Subsistence Farming
- Intensive Subsistence Farming
- Commercial Farming
- Plantation Agriculture
- Shifting Cultivation (Jhumming, Podu, etc.)
- Cropping Patterns
- Rabi, Kharif, and Zaid Crops
- Characteristics and examples of Rabi and Kharif crops
- Seasonal variations and their impact on cropping patterns
- Major Crops
- Food crops (Rice, Wheat, Millets, Pulses)
- Cash crops (Sugarcane, Cotton, Oil Seeds)
- Beverage crops (Tea, Coffee)
- Maize as both food and fodder
- Geographical Distribution of Crops
- Major crop-producing states
- Climatic and geographical requirements for crops like rice, wheat, and maize
- Non-Food Crops
- Rubber, Jute, Cotton
- Economic importance and geographical distribution
- Horticulture Crops
- Fruits and vegetables (Mangoes, Bananas, Oranges, Grapes, etc.)
- Perishability and logistics of horticultural production
- Technological and Institutional Reforms
- Green Revolution
- White Revolution (Operation Flood)
- Land reforms and Bhoodan-Gramdan Movement
- Agricultural schemes (Kissan Credit Card, Crop Insurance)
- Environmental and Economic Challenges in Agriculture
- Water management
- Impact of subsidies and price supports
- Agriculture and export potential
- Plantation Agriculture
- Tea and coffee plantations
- Economic integration with industries
- Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability
- Mixed cropping
- Crop rotation and soil fertility restoration
- Impact of climate and monsoon dependency
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