This Exam Covers the Following Topics

1. Structure of the Earth
   • Layers of the Earth (Crust, Mantle, Core)
   • Composition of the Earth’s layers (Sial, Sima, Nife)
   • Thickness of the Earth’s layers
2. Types of Rocks
   • Igneous rocks (Intrusive and Extrusive)
   • Sedimentary rocks
   • Metamorphic rocks
   • Fossil-containing rocks
   • Examples of different rock types (e.g., Granite, Basalt, Marble)
3. Rock Cycle
   • Processes involved in the rock cycle (formation of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks)
   • Transformation of rocks under heat and pressure
4. Rocks and Minerals
   • Definitions and uses of rocks
   • Common minerals and their properties
   • Minerals found in rocks
   • The role of rocks in everyday life (e.g., construction, household items)
5. Geological Processes
   • Erosion, weathering, and sedimentation
   • Volcanic activity and magma
   • The impact of geological changes on the Earth’s surface
6. General Geological Facts
   • Depth of Earth’s layers
   • Real-life examples (e.g., Tautona Mine in South Africa)
   • The Earth’s radius and other measurements
7. Uses of Rocks and Minerals
   • Historical and modern uses of rocks (e.g., construction of the Taj Mahal, Red Fort)
   • Industrial and everyday uses of minerals (e.g., coal, petroleum, iron)

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