Economics (Indian Agriculture)
This Exam Covers the Following Topics
- Introduction to Indian Agriculture
- Importance of agriculture in India’s economy
- Role of agriculture in rural livelihoods
- Agricultural GDP and employment
- Kharif and Rabi Crops
- Definition and examples of Kharif and Rabi crops
- Crop seasons and their significance
- Key crops grown in each season
- Green Revolution and Agricultural Policies
- Introduction to the Green Revolution
- Impact on productivity, economy, and the environment
- High-Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, and irrigation
- Criticisms and the need for sustainable practices
- Food Philosophy of India
- Phases of food security policy
- Physical and economic access to food
- Role of the Public Distribution System (PDS)
- National Food Security Mission (NFSM)
- Objectives and initiatives under the NFSM
- Achievements and challenges in enhancing food grain production
- Focus on rice, wheat, and pulses
- Land Reforms in India
- Historical land reforms and their impact
- Abolition of intermediaries and land redistribution
- Current issues related to land ownership and fragmentation
- Agricultural Holdings in India
- Economic, optimum, and family holdings
- Fragmentation of land and its implications
- Land consolidation efforts
- Agricultural Marketing in India
- Agricultural Produce Marketing Committees (APMCs)
- Agricultural marketing reforms
- e-NAM (Electronic National Agriculture Market)
- National Horticulture Mission (NHM)
- Promotion and development of the horticulture sector
- Fruits, vegetables, and floriculture
- Infrastructure for post-harvest management
- National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)
- Sustainable agricultural practices
- Climate-smart agriculture
- Water management and soil health
- Agricultural Insurance Schemes
- National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS)
- Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)
- Weather-based crop insurance schemes
- Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)
- Comprehensive agricultural development scheme
- Sub-missions under RKVY, including horticulture and protein supplements
- Soil and Water Conservation
- Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP)
- Soil Health Card Scheme
- Techniques for soil and moisture conservation
- National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm (NMOOP)
- Efforts to achieve self-sufficiency in edible oil production
- Challenges and policy initiatives
- Public Distribution System (PDS) and Food Security
- Role of PDS in ensuring food security
- Issues and challenges in equitable distribution
- Agroforestry and Integrated Farming Systems
- Promoting biodiversity and sustainable land use
- Tree-based farming and its economic and ecological benefits
- Agricultural Credit and Financial Support
- Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme
- NABARD and its role in rural development
- Interest subvention schemes
- Operation Flood and Dairy Development
- White Revolution and its impact on dairy production
- Self-sufficiency in milk production
- Crop Diversification and High-Value Agriculture
- Importance of crop diversification for income and food security
- Promotion of high-value crops such as fruits and vegetables
- Post-Harvest Management and Infrastructure
- Cold storage, processing, and value addition
- Reducing post-harvest losses
- Climate-Smart Agriculture and Sustainable Practices
- Adaptation to climate change in Indian agriculture
- Water conservation, organic farming, and soil management
- Precision Agriculture and Technology in Farming
- Use of technology, such as drones and GPS, in farming
- Challenges and opportunities in precision agriculture
- Agricultural Mechanization and Labor Productivity
- Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM)
- Reducing labor intensity and increasing farm efficiency
- Millet and Pulse Cultivation
- Importance of millets and pulses in Indian diets
- Promotion under various government schemes
- Challenges in Agricultural Sustainability
- Impact of monoculture and chemical inputs
- Transitioning to organic and sustainable practices
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