Polity (Directive Principles of State Policy)
- Introduction to Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP):
- Origin and concept of Directive Principles.
- Constitutional position and legal status.
- Features of Directive Principles:
- Non-justiciable nature.
- Influence on governance and policy-making.
- Classification of Directive Principles:
- Socialistic Principles.
- Gandhian Principles.
- Liberal-Intellectual Principles.
- Specific Articles Related to DPSPs:
- Articles 36 to 51 in the Indian Constitution.
- Specific directives like Article 40 (Village Panchayats), Article 44 (Uniform Civil Code), Article 47 (Nutrition and Public Health), etc.
- Implementation of DPSPs:
- Legislative and policy measures taken to implement various DPSPs.
- Challenges in implementing DPSPs.
- Criticism of Directive Principles:
- Limitations due to non-justiciable character.
- Conflicting views on the arrangement and philosophy.
- Conflict Between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles:
- Judicial interpretations and constitutional amendments.
- Key cases like Champakam Dorairajan case, Golaknath case, Kesavananda Bharati case, Minerva Mills case, etc.
- Relevance and Utility of DPSPs:
- Role in shaping state policies.
- Moral and political importance in governance.
- Amendments and Additions to DPSPs:
- Changes brought by constitutional amendments like the 42nd, 44th, 86th, and 97th Amendments.
- Directives Outside Part IV of the Constitution:
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