1. Introduction to Magnets

• Discovery of magnets through the story of Magnes.
• Natural magnets (e.g., magnetite).
• Artificial magnets: shapes (bar, horse-shoe, cylindrical).

2. Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Materials

• Magnetic materials: materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt that are attracted by magnets.
• Non-magnetic materials: wood, plastic, glass, etc., that are not attracted by magnets.
• Testing objects for magnetism using a “Magnes stick.”

3. Poles of Magnets

• Poles located at the ends of a magnet where magnetic strength is concentrated.
• Observing magnetic field patterns using iron filings.
• Activity: Identifying poles by testing with other magnets or iron filings.

4. Finding Directions

• Ancient uses of magnets for navigation (e.g., Hoang Ti’s chariot with a direction-indicating statue).
• Freely suspended bar magnets aligning in North-South direction.
• Compass: Description, construction, and use in finding directions.

5. Making Your Own Magnet

• Simple methods to magnetize iron: rubbing a bar magnet along an iron object.
• Activity: Creating a floating compass with a magnetized needle and cork.

6. Attraction and Repulsion Between Magnets

• Similar poles repel, opposite poles attract.
• Activities to observe interactions between toy cars with magnets.
• Suspension experiments to understand magnetic attraction and repulsion.

7. Cautions While Handling Magnets

• Magnets lose their properties due to:
  • Heating.
  • Hammering.
  • Dropping.
• Proper storage:
  • Bar magnets stored with opposite poles facing, separated by wood.
  • Horse-shoe magnets stored with a piece of iron across the poles.

8. Applications of Magnets

• Everyday uses:
  • Magnetic cranes for lifting heavy objects.
  • Compass for navigation.

9. Activities and Experiments

• Testing soil or sand for iron particles using magnets.
• Testing objects in daily surroundings for magnetic properties.

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