This Exam Covers the Following Topics

1. Measures of Central Tendency
   • Mean (for ungrouped and grouped data, direct and indirect methods)
   • Median (for ungrouped and grouped data)
   • Mode (for ungrouped and grouped data)
2. Comparison of Mean, Median, and Mode
   • Relationship between mean, median, and mode in normal and skewed distributions
   • Impact of outliers and skewness on mean, median, and mode
3. Normal Distribution
   • Characteristics of a normal distribution
   • Symmetry and central tendency in normal distributions
   • Normal distribution curve and its properties
4. Skewed Distributions
   • Positive and negative skewness
   • Impact of skewness on mean, median, and mode
5. Frequency Distribution
   • Organizing data into classes and intervals
   • Calculating midpoints and frequencies in grouped data
   • Construction and interpretation of frequency distribution tables
6. Bimodal Distribution
   • Characteristics of bimodal distributions
   • Implications of multiple modes in a dataset
7. Measures of Dispersion
   • Range
   • Variance and its relationship to central tendency
8. Data Processing Techniques
   • Coding and its use in simplifying data for indirect method calculations
   • Application of statistical methods in geographical analysis

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