This Exam Covers the Following Topics

1. Land Use Categories
   • Forests
   • Barren and Wastelands
   • Land under Non-Agricultural Uses (Settlements, Infrastructure, etc.)
   • Permanent Pastures and Grazing Lands
   • Miscellaneous Tree Crops and Groves
   • Culturable Wasteland
   • Current Fallow
   • Fallow other than Current Fallow
   • Net Sown Area
2. Cropping Seasons in India
   • Kharif Season (June-September)
   • Rabi Season (October-March)
   • Zaid Season (April-June)
3. Types of Farming
   • Irrigated Farming
     • Protective Irrigation
     • Productive Irrigation
   • Rainfed Farming
     • Dryland Farming
     • Wetland Farming
4. Major Crops in India
   • Foodgrains
     • Cereals (Rice, Wheat, Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Ragi)
     • Pulses (Gram, Tur/Arhar)
   • Oilseeds
     • Groundnut, Rapeseed and Mustard, Soyabean, Sunflower
   • Fibre Crops
     • Cotton, Jute
   • Cash Crops
     • Sugarcane, Tea, Coffee
5. Environmental Problems of Land Resources
   • Degradation of Cultivable Land (Salinization, Waterlogging, Alkalization)
   • Soil Erosion (Water and Wind Erosion)
   • Impact of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides on Soil Health
   • Deforestation and Land Degradation
6. Agricultural Development in India
   • Growth of Agricultural Output
   • Impact of the Green Revolution
   • Introduction of High-Yielding Varieties (HYVs)
   • Diffusion of Modern Agricultural Technology
   • Expansion of Irrigation
   • Policies like Intensive Agricultural District Programme (IADP) and Intensive Agricultural Area Programme (IAAP)
   • National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)
7. Problems of Indian Agriculture
   • Dependence on Erratic Monsoon
   • Low Productivity of Crops
   • Constraints of Financial Resources and Indebtedness
   • Lack of Land Reforms
   • Small Farm Size and Fragmentation of Landholdings
   • Lack of Commercialization in Agriculture
   • Vast Underemployment in Agriculture
8. Common Property Resources (CPRs)
   • Role of CPRs in Rural Livelihood
   • Importance of CPRs for Marginal Farmers and Weaker Sections
9. Technological Improvements in Agriculture
   • Role of Modern Agricultural Machinery
   • Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides
   • Technological Impact on Agricultural Productivity
10. Agricultural Policy and Government Initiatives
    1. Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY)
    2. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)
    3. Agro-Climatic Planning and Development
    4. Farmer’s Portal of India (Agricultural Information Platform)

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