Geography (Climate)
This Exam Covers the Following Topics
- Weather vs. Climate
- Definitions and distinctions between weather and climate.
- Monsoon Climate
- Characteristics of the Indian monsoon, onset, and retreat of the monsoon.
- Seasonal reversal of winds and factors influencing the monsoon.
- Regional Variations in Climate
- Temperature variations across different regions (e.g., Rajasthan vs. Arunachal Pradesh).
- Precipitation differences (e.g., Cherrapunji vs. Jaisalmer).
- Factors Influencing India’s Climate
- Latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, and relief (topography).
- The influence of the Himalayan Mountains.
- The impact of Western Ghats on monsoon patterns.
- Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
- Role of ITCZ in the monsoon system and its seasonal shifts.
- Local Winds and Storms
- Specific local winds like Loo, Kalbaisakhi, Mango Showers, and their regional impacts.
- Seasons in India
- India’s four meteorological seasons: Cold Weather Season, Hot Weather Season, Southwest Monsoon Season, and Retreating Monsoon Season.
- The traditional six-season classification in Indian culture.
- Western Disturbances and Temperate Cyclones
- Their influence on winter rainfall in northwestern India and benefits to rabi crops.
- El Niño and its Impact on Monsoon
- How El Niño affects the strength and timing of the Indian monsoon.
- Global Warming and Climate Change
- The impact of global warming on India’s climate and potential changes in rainfall patterns, sea levels, and agriculture.
- Precipitation Patterns
- Annual rainfall distribution across India.
- Impact of relief and physiography on rainfall (windward and leeward sides).
- Impact of Altitude on Climate
- Temperature variations between places at the same latitude but different altitudes (e.g., Agra vs. Darjeeling).
- Monsoon Breaks
- The concept of “break in the monsoon” and its causes.
- Cyclones in the Bay of Bengal
- Formation and impact of cyclones, particularly during the retreating monsoon season.
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