This Exam Covers the Following Topics

1. Agriculture as a Primary Activity
   • Definition and importance of agriculture as a primary activity.
   • Relation to other economic activities (secondary and tertiary).
2. Types of Farming
   • Subsistence Farming
     • Intensive subsistence farming.
     • Primitive subsistence farming (shifting cultivation, nomadic herding).
   • Commercial Farming
     • Commercial grain farming.
     • Mixed farming.
     • Plantation farming.
3. Farm Systems
   • Inputs, processes, and outputs in the agricultural system.
4. Major Crops
   • Food crops: Rice, wheat, maize, millets.
   • Fiber crops: Cotton, jute.
   • Beverage crops: Tea, coffee.
5. Climatic and Soil Conditions for Crop Cultivation
   • Suitable conditions for crops like rice, wheat, maize, cotton, jute, tea, and coffee.
6. Shifting Cultivation and Nomadic Herding
   • Characteristics and geographical distribution.
   • Advantages and disadvantages of shifting cultivation.
   • Practices and regions for nomadic herding.
7. Sustainable and Organic Farming
   • Organic farming methods and their benefits.
   • Environmental sustainability in agriculture.
8. Agricultural Development
   • Efforts to increase farm production.
   • Mechanization of agriculture.
   • Case studies: A farm in India vs. a farm in the USA.
9. Specialized Agricultural Practices
   • Viticulture (cultivation of grapes).
   • Horticulture (growing vegetables, fruits, and flowers).
   • Pisciculture (fish farming).
   • Sericulture (silk farming).
10. Global Agriculture
    • Geographical distribution of agricultural practices and major producing regions.

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