This Exam Covers the Following Topics

1. Introduction to Indian Industry and Infrastructure
   • Overview of India’s economic condition post-independence.
   • Challenges faced by India and the decision to focus on industrial development.
   • Role of government in the development of industry and infrastructure.
2. Industrial Policy Resolution, 1948
   • First industrial policy of independent India.
   • Introduction of the ‘mixed economy’ model.
   • Classification of industries into Central List, State List, and private sector.
   • Policy review after 10 years.
3. Industrial Policy Resolution, 1956
   • Division of industries into three Schedules (A, B, and C).
   • Emphasis on expanding the public sector (PSUs).
   • Introduction of compulsory licensing for certain industries.
   • Measures to reduce regional disparities.
   • Focus on small industries and village industries.
4. Industrial Policy Statement, 1969
   • Issues related to the ‘Licence-Quota-Permit Raj’.
   • Introduction of the Monopolistic and Restrictive Trade Practices (MRTP) Act.
   • Measures to control monopolies and economic power concentration.
5. Industrial Policy Statement, 1973
   • Introduction of ‘core industries’ and their significance.
   • Concepts of joint sector industries.
   • Restrictions on foreign investments and regulations through the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA).
6. Industrial Policy Statement, 1977
   • Focus on village industries and decentralization of industrial development.
   • Restrictions on foreign investment.
   • Promotion of small-scale and cottage industries.
7. Industrial Policy Resolution, 1980
   • Encouragement of foreign investments via technology transfer.
   • Simplification of industrial licensing.
   • Revision of the MRTP limit.
8. Industrial Policy Resolutions of 1985 and 1986
   • Liberalization of foreign investment norms.
   • Focus on modernizing the public sector and promoting ‘sunrise industries’ like telecommunications and electronics.
   • Emphasis on industries based on imported raw materials.
9. New Industrial Policy, 1991
   • Major economic reforms including liberalization, privatization, and globalization.
   • De-licensing and de-reservation of industries.
   • Promotion of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Institutional Investment (FII).
   • Replacement of the MRTP Act with the Competition Act.
   • Transition from FERA to the more liberal Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA).
10. Disinvestment Policies
    • Introduction of disinvestment as part of economic reforms.
    • Types of disinvestment: Token Disinvestment and Strategic Disinvestment.
    • Objectives of disinvestment and its impact on PSUs.
11. Regulatory Acts and Reforms
    • Role of the Monopolistic and Restrictive Trade Practices (MRTP) Act in regulating monopolies.
    • Replacement of the MRTP Act with the Competition Act to promote fair competition.
    • Transition from the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA) to the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) and its implications.
12. Challenges and Opportunities in Indian Industry and Infrastructure
    • Impact of various industrial policies on the growth of Indian industries.
    • Challenges faced by the industrial sector post-economic reforms.
    • Opportunities created by liberalization and globalization.

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