This Exam Covers Following Topics

1. Meaning and Significance of Citizenship:
   • Definition of citizens and aliens.
   • Rights and privileges of citizens vs. aliens.
   • Categories of aliens (friendly aliens and enemy aliens).
2. Constitutional Provisions Related to Citizenship:
   • Articles 5 to 11 under Part II of the Indian Constitution.
   • Specific rights and duties conferred to citizens.
   • Provisions regarding discrimination, public employment, and protection under different articles.
3. Single Citizenship in India:
   • Concept and significance of single citizenship.
   • Comparison with dual citizenship in countries like the USA and Australia.
   • Specific exceptions and conditions under Indian law.
4. Citizenship Act, 1955:
   • Overview and provisions of the Citizenship Act, 1955.
   • Different ways of acquiring Indian citizenship (birth, descent, registration, naturalization, incorporation of territory).
   • Amendments to the Citizenship Act over the years (e.g., Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019).
5. Loss of Citizenship:
   • Modes of losing Indian citizenship: Renunciation, Termination, and Deprivation.
   • Conditions under which citizenship can be terminated or revoked.
6. Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) and Person of Indian Origin (PIO):
   • Provisions related to OCI and PIO cardholders.
   • Rights and restrictions for OCI and PIO cardholders.
   • Changes and mergers of OCI and PIO schemes over time.
7. Special Provisions Related to Citizenship:
   • Assam Accord and its impact on citizenship.
   • Special provisions for migrants from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan under the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019.
   • Historical context and special conditions for citizenship in regions like Jammu and Kashmir before and after Article 370 abrogation.
8. Comparison of NRI, PIO, and OCI Cardholders:
   • Differences in rights, benefits, and eligibility criteria for NRIs, PIOs, and OCIs.
   • Detailed comparison of entitlements and restrictions for each category.
9. Impact of Constitutional Amendments on Citizenship:
   • The influence of various constitutional amendments on the provisions of citizenship.
   • Specific references to key articles and their amendments affecting citizenship laws.

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